在本文中，我们通过生成的对抗网络（GAN）架构探索机器翻译改进。我们从Relgan，一个文本制造模型和鼻孔机械翻译模型中获取灵感，实现了一个学习将尴尬，非流利的英语句子转换为流利的模型，同时只培训在单梅换语料库上。我们利用参数$ \ lambda $来控制从输入句子的偏差量，即保持原始令牌和修改它更流利之间的权衡。在某些情况下，我们的结果改进了基于短语的机器翻译。特别是，带变压器发生器的GaN显示出一些有希望的结果。我们建议将来的一些方向建立在这种概念上建立。

Simulating quantum channels is a fundamental primitive in quantum computing, since quantum channels define general (trace-preserving) quantum operations. An arbitrary quantum channel cannot be exactly simulated using a finite-dimensional programmable quantum processor, making it important to develop optimal approximate simulation techniques. In this paper, we study the challenging setting in which the channel to be simulated varies adversarially with time. We propose the use of matrix exponentiated gradient descent (MEGD), an online convex optimization method, and analytically show that it achieves a sublinear regret in time. Through experiments, we validate the main results for time-varying dephasing channels using a programmable generalized teleportation processor.

Human activity recognition (HAR) using drone-mounted cameras has attracted considerable interest from the computer vision research community in recent years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Attention (SWTA) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal attention. The proposed SWTA is comprised of two parts. First, temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal attention, which incorporates a fusion of attention maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by a basenet network, which comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTA network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a margin of 25.26%, 18.56%, and 2.94%, respectively.

Energy consumption in buildings, both residential and commercial, accounts for approximately 40% of all energy usage in the U.S., and similar numbers are being reported from countries around the world. This significant amount of energy is used to maintain a comfortable, secure, and productive environment for the occupants. So, it is crucial that the energy consumption in buildings must be optimized, all the while maintaining satisfactory levels of occupant comfort, health, and safety. Recently, Machine Learning has been proven to be an invaluable tool in deriving important insights from data and optimizing various systems. In this work, we review the ways in which machine learning has been leveraged to make buildings smart and energy-efficient. For the convenience of readers, we provide a brief introduction of several machine learning paradigms and the components and functioning of each smart building system we cover. Finally, we discuss challenges faced while implementing machine learning algorithms in smart buildings and provide future avenues for research at the intersection of smart buildings and machine learning.

Image annotation is one essential prior step to enable data-driven algorithms. In medical imaging, having large and reliably annotated data sets is crucial to recognize various diseases robustly. However, annotator performance varies immensely, thus impacts model training. Therefore, often multiple annotators should be employed, which is however expensive and resource-intensive. Hence, it is desirable that users should annotate unseen data and have an automated system to unobtrusively rate their performance during this process. We examine such a system based on whole slide images (WSIs) showing lung fluid cells. We evaluate two methods the generation of synthetic individual cell images: conditional Generative Adversarial Networks and Diffusion Models (DM). For qualitative and quantitative evaluation, we conduct a user study to highlight the suitability of generated cells. Users could not detect 52.12% of generated images by DM proofing the feasibility to replace the original cells with synthetic cells without being noticed.

The size of an individual cell type, such as a red blood cell, does not vary much among humans. We use this knowledge as a prior for classifying and detecting cells in images with only a few ground truth bounding box annotations, while most of the cells are annotated with points. This setting leads to weakly semi-supervised learning. We propose replacing points with either stochastic (ST) boxes or bounding box predictions during the training process. The proposed "mean-IOU" ST box maximizes the overlap with all the boxes belonging to the sample space with a class-specific approximated prior probability distribution of bounding boxes. Our method trains with both box- and point-labelled images in conjunction, unlike the existing methods, which train first with box- and then point-labelled images. In the most challenging setting, when only 5% images are box-labelled, quantitative experiments on a urine dataset show that our one-stage method outperforms two-stage methods by 5.56 mAP. Furthermore, we suggest an approach that partially answers "how many box-labelled annotations are necessary?" before training a machine learning model.

Drone-camera based human activity recognition (HAR) has received significant attention from the computer vision research community in the past few years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Fusion (SWTF) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal fusion outcome. The proposed SWTF is divided into two components. First, a temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal fusion, that incorporates a fusion of feature maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by base-network, which comprises a convolutional neural network module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTF network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a significant margin.

该报告解释，实施和扩展了“更紧密的变化界限不一定更好”所介绍的作品（T Rainforth等，2018）。我们提供了理论和经验证据，这些证据增加了重要性的重要性数量$ k $在重要性加权自动编码器（IWAE）中（Burda等，2016）降低了推理中梯度估计量的信噪比（SNR）网络，从而影响完整的学习过程。换句话说，即使增加$ k $减少了梯度的标准偏差，但它也会更快地降低真实梯度的幅度，从而增加梯度更新的相对差异。进行广泛的实验以了解$ k $的重要性。这些实验表明，更紧密的变化界限对生成网络有益，而宽松的边界对推理网络来说是可取的。通过这些见解，可以实施和研究三种方法：部分重要性加权自动编码器（PIWAE），倍增重要性加权自动编码器（MIWAE）和组合重要性加权自动编码器（CIWAE）。这三种方法中的每一种都需要IWAE作为一种特殊情况，但采用不同的重量权重，以确保较高的梯度估计器的SNR。在我们的研究和分析中，这些算法的疗效在多个数据集（如MNIST和Omniglot）上进行了测试。最后，我们证明了三种呈现的IWAE变化能够产生近似后验分布，这些分布与IWAE更接近真正的后验分布，同时匹配IWAE生成网络的性能，或者在PIWAE的情况下可能超过其表现。

近年来，深度学习导致了在城市驾驶场景中移动（即具有运动能力）物体的检测方面取得的巨大进展。监督方法通常需要大型培训集的注释；因此，人们对利用弱，半或自我监督的方法避免这种情况非常兴趣，并取得了很大的成功。虽然弱和半监督的方法需要一些注释，但自我监督的方法已经使用了诸如运动之类的线索来完全减轻注释的需求。但是，完全没有注释通常会降低其性能，而在运动组进行分组期间出现的歧义可以抑制其找到准确的物体边界的能力。在本文中，我们提出了一种称为SCT的新的自制移动对象检测方法。这同时使用运动提示和预期对象大小来提高检测性能，并预测3D方向边界框的密集网格以改善对象发现。我们在Kitti跟踪基准上的最先进的自我监督的移动对象检测方法TCR极大地超过了，并且实现了全面监督的PV-RCNN ++方法的30％以内IOUS <= 0.5。

在整个计算科学中，越来越需要利用原始计算马力的持续改进，通过对蛮力的尺度锻炼的尺度增加，以增加网状元素数量的增加。例如，如果不考虑分子水平的相互作用，就不可能对纳米多孔介质的转运进行定量预测，即从紧密的页岩地层提取至关重要的碳氢化合物。同样，惯性限制融合模拟依赖于数值扩散来模拟分子效应，例如非本地转运和混合，而无需真正考虑分子相互作用。考虑到这两个不同的应用程序，我们开发了一种新颖的功能，该功能使用主动学习方法来优化局部细尺度模拟的使用来告知粗尺度流体动力学。我们的方法解决了三个挑战：预测连续性粗尺度轨迹，以推测执行新的精细分子动力学计算，动态地更新细度计算中的粗尺度，并量化神经网络模型中的不确定性。